Constitutive equation

n physics, a constitutive equation is a relation between two physical quantities (especially kinetic quantities are related to kinematic quantities) that is specific to a material or substance, and approximates the response of that material to external forces. It is combined with other equations governing physical laws to solve physical problems, like the flow of a fluid in a pipe, or the response of a crystal to an electric field.
As an example, in structural analysis, constitutive relations connect applied stresses or forces to strains or deformations. The stress-strain constitutive relation for linear materials commonly is known as Hooke's law.

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